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Implants for nervous system
Kuruc, Lukáš ; Zatloukal, Miroslav (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This thesis deals with implants for nervous system. The first part of this thesis focuses on theoretical analysis of this issue, makes reader familiar with seriousness of spinal cord injury, its treatments options and regeneration with hydrogel implants. The second part describes experimental manufacturing of implants, testing patency and summary of their properties.
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Axon, in development and injury
Polčanová, Zuzana ; Kárová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Novák, Ondřej (referee)
The cytoskeletal structure of growth cones plays an important role in both the development of the nervous system and during periods of axon re- generation. The growth cone is a highly dynamic structure located at the tip of growing axons, providing navigation and movement. Signalling cascades are activated that lead to the regulation of the growth cone cytoskeleton, defining its displacement, rotation, or collapse. Despite advances in under- standing guidance cues and their mechanisms of action, knowledge of what happens to the nervous system after injury is lacking. Unlike axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), that are able to regenerate after neuronal injury, axons in the central nervous system (CNS) loose regenerative ability as they mature. Unravelling the mechanisms of axon guidance, together with their behaviour after axotomy and regeneration, is extremely important for the understanding of CNS injuries and to provide treatment of these injuries in the future.
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Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury
Dubišová, Jana ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Hock, Miroslav (referee)
Poranenie miechy a jeho terapia pomocou mezenchymálnych kmeňových buniek Abstract Patients with serious spinal cord injury (SCI) have a little chance of a full return to their original life. This kind of injuries leaves lifelong consequences as on the patients themselves, as well as their surroundings and family. Considerable financial resources are, worldwide, granted for reintegratation of these patients into society. This work focuses on the description of spinal cord injury, its complexity and the possibility of treatment by new therapeutic methods of mesenchymal cells. The first section discusses the severity of spinal cord injury and its pathophysiology with the performance of subsequent clinical phases. The second part is dedicated to new treatment methods and approaches, with an emphasis on cell therapy. The third part presents treatment method using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, such as their ability to migration to the injured area and the possibility of genetic modification, made them a great candidates for the treatment of serious injuries. Keywords Spinal cord injury, stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cell therapy, regenerative medicine
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Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury Studied by In Vivo Optical Imaging
Vančíková, Sabína ; Valášková, Barbora (advisor) ; Špicarová, Diana (referee)
Patients suffering from spinal cord injury experience physical, social, and vocational impairment. It is a condition often causing a permanent disability mainly due to axonal regeneration incapability in the central nervous system. The primary insult simultaneously damages cells in the lesion site and initiates a cascade of secondary cellular, vascular, and biochemical events extending the injury. These pathophysiological mechanisms are examined using multiple approaches. Novel imaging techniques complement classical histopathological methods and neuroanatomical tracing. Recent studies employ transgenic mice and two-photon microscopy to observe single cells in the injury site and the nearby vasculature in vivo longitudinally. In vivo optical imaging enables studying of axonal responses, such as degeneration, regeneration, and neurovascular interactions. It also gives an opportunity to assess the effects of applied drugs directly. New findings lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, resulting in the ability to develop other therapeutic strategies improving the outcome after injury. Keywords: spinal cord injury, pathophysiological mechanisms, axonal regeneration, Wallerian degeneration, animal models, transgenic mice, in vivo imaging, two-photon excitation microscopy
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Treatment of spinal cord injury by transplantation different types of stem cells
Dubišová, Jana ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Cizkova, Dasa (referee)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is complicated injury with serious socioeconomic consequences for the patient and his whole family. Big difficulty cause also extremely high living expenses for the patient with this type of injury. That's why there is a need for therapeutic methods which would help patients after SCI to recover the lost functions and be able at least partially to return to their normal life. Different therapeutic methods are being used for SCI treatment. In this study we used four various types of stem cells: human bone marrow stem cells (hBM-MSCs), human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs), neural precursors derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-NPs) and neural stem cell line derived from human fetal spinal cord tissue (SPC-01). These cells have been transplanted intrathecally or intraspinally 7 days after induction of the experimental model of SCI in the rat. We studied expressions of genes related to neurogenesis, growth factors and inflammation 10 and 28 days after SCI. Our analysis showed significant changes in gene expression 10 days after SCI. Significant up-regulation in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf), ciliary neurotrophic factor (Cntf) and interferon regulatory factor 5 (Irf5) were found after transplantation of hBM-MSCs and hUC-...
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Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury
Dubišová, Jana ; Kubinová, Šárka (advisor) ; Hock, Miroslav (referee)
Poranenie miechy a jeho terapia pomocou mezenchymálnych kmeňových buniek Abstract Patients with serious spinal cord injury (SCI) have a little chance of a full return to their original life. This kind of injuries leaves lifelong consequences as on the patients themselves, as well as their surroundings and family. Considerable financial resources are, worldwide, granted for reintegratation of these patients into society. This work focuses on the description of spinal cord injury, its complexity and the possibility of treatment by new therapeutic methods of mesenchymal cells. The first section discusses the severity of spinal cord injury and its pathophysiology with the performance of subsequent clinical phases. The second part is dedicated to new treatment methods and approaches, with an emphasis on cell therapy. The third part presents treatment method using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, such as their ability to migration to the injured area and the possibility of genetic modification, made them a great candidates for the treatment of serious injuries. Keywords Spinal cord injury, stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cell therapy, regenerative medicine
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Implants for nervous system
Kuruc, Lukáš ; Zatloukal, Miroslav (referee) ; Sedlaříková, Marie (advisor)
This thesis deals with implants for nervous system. The first part of this thesis focuses on theoretical analysis of this issue, makes reader familiar with seriousness of spinal cord injury, its treatments options and regeneration with hydrogel implants. The second part describes experimental manufacturing of implants, testing patency and summary of their properties.
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